IMPACT OF STUDENTS’ ENROLMENT ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE IN TANZANIA: A Case of Selected Public Secondary Schools in Mbozi District
This research investigated the impact of rising student enrolment on academic achievement in public secondary schools within the Mbozi District of Tanzania, following the implementation of the fee-free education initiative. The study aimed to evaluate how the increase in enrolment affected teacher: student ratios, class sizes, and educational outcomes, while also suggesting methods to enhance the quality of education.
A mixed-methods approach was adopted, involving 183 participants, comprising 117 students, 56 teachers, four school administrators, and six education officials from four selected secondary schools. Primary data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and observations, while secondary data were obtained through documentary review of school records and national examination results for 2014 and 2024. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to interpret the results.
The study found a significant increase in student enrolment, resulting in overcrowded classrooms and high teacher: student ratios, often exceeding the recommended 1:40 standard. Some classes reached ratios as high as 1:88, far surpassing the standard. This was compounded by inadequate infrastructure, a shortage of teachers, and a lack of teaching resources, which adversely affected the quality of education.
Despite these challenges, the study revealed that pass rates for national exams improved in most schools, demonstrating resilience in academic achievement. For instance, one school’s Form 4 results rose from 64% to 94%. However, concerns persisted regarding declining education standards due to limited resources. Nevertheless, teachers’ dedication and community involvement helped mitigate some negative impacts.
To address these challenges, the study recommends expanding classroom spaces, recruiting more qualified teachers, incorporating digital learning resources, and establishing shift systems. Collaboration among stakeholders is crucial for maintaining educational advancements. Focused strategies, such as enhancing infrastructure, hiring teachers, and incorporating technology, are essential for preserving educational quality as enrolment increases.
In summary, while the fee-free policy has effectively expanded access to education, its long-term sustainability depends on equitable investments in infrastructure, teaching personnel, and educational resources. Implementing focused strategies to enhance infrastructure, hire teachers, and incorporate technology will be vital for preserving educational quality and ensuring the policy’s lasting success.
Key words: students enrolment, fee-free education policy, public secondary schools
