Clinical Applications of β-TCP in Bone Regeneration: A Comprehensive Review of Orthopedic and Dental Use
Beta- Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) a synthetic chemical, which has the molecular formula of Ca3(PO4)2. It is a crystalline substance which is stable at lower temperatures and is a member of bioceramic class. The rhombohedral crystal system of the β-TCP is very similar to the natural bone components. Even though being insoluble in water, it is slightly soluble in acidic conditions. The chemical composition and structural similarity with the bone makes it highly compatible for the biological system. β-TCP is extensively used bioceramic material in the sector of orthopedics and dentistry due to its high excellent osteoconductivity, biocompatibility, and ability to stimulate the bone regeneration. This review provides the detailed analysis of β-TCP, which focuses on its physicochemical properties, synthesis techniques, and clinical applications in orthopedic and dental regenerative medicine.
In orthopedics, β-TCP is most commonly used in bone grafting, spinal fusion, and fracture healing, proving with the structural support and improving bone formation in critical bone defects. In dental applications, β-TCP is implemented for alveolar bone regeneration, periodontal defect repair, and dental implantology, facilitating bone healing around the implants and improving the long-term implant achievement. The materials resorbability and steady replacement by natural bone make it an ideal choice for both clinical and regenerative implementations. Although it’s promising benefits, challenges such as mechanical strength and the requirement for additional biomolecules to strengthen its performance are also discussed. The survey explores the future prospective of β-TCP in combination with advanced technologies such as 3D printing and stem cell therapy, which holds the potential to further prove its clinical efficacy in both orthopedic and dental area.
Keywords: Beta-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), Rhombohedral Crystal, Osteoconductivity, Osseointegration, hydroxyapatite (HA) and Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPS)
