Malignant phyllodes tumor in a 14-year-old girl.
Phyllodes tumors are rare fibroepithelial breast neoplasms with a characteristic leaf-like growth pattern observed under the microscope.It represents 0.3%–0.5% of all breast tumors, and in adolescents it is ultra rare, accounting for less than 4% of cases. They originate from both stromal and epithelial tissues and are classified as benign, borderline, or malignant based on histopathological features. In adolescents, phyllodes tumors usually present as rapidly growing, painless breast masses, often mistaken for juvenile fibro adenomas due to their similar clinical appearance. Although most cases in teenagers are benign, malignant forms can occur and have the potential to metastasize, most commonly to the lungs. Diagnosis is challenging because of the tumor’s rarity in this age group and its resemblance to other benign breast lesions. Whether its appearance in teen age girls is associated with environmental pollution in the vicinity of oil excavation sites or genetic causes needs evaluation, if further similar cases present in the same or similar areas. Surgical excision with wide margins remains the primary treatment strategy to minimize recurrence risk and ensure optimal outcomes.
