Effects of Climate Change on Agriculture and Food Security: Climate Smart Mitigation Strategies
There are many climate resilient and climate smart technologies and case studies that farmers can adopt to mitigate the effects of climate change , this review aims to highlight and discuss some of them using case studies. The effects of climate change are currently being felt in all spheres of life but effects are more severe in the agricultural sector. Climate variability and changes are setback to vital development such as food security, which results from poor yield, making most farmers to diversify into other live hood activities to the detriment of agriculture which is under serious strain resulting from climate change and these effects are anticipated to worsen with time. Literature materials on climate change, climate resilience and climate smart solutions were assembled along with case studies from outside Nigeria, they were thereafter reviewed and discussed Innovations, Technologies and case studies such as climate -livestock and market project in East Africa, climate insurance project in Kenya ,Pest Risk Information System (PRISE) ,the soil carbon recuperation project, , index thresh hold for weather factors and the climate smart agricultural practices of 33 countries launched as COP24, where highlighted .It was concluded that the effect of climate change on the farmers are majorly from drought, increased outbreak of crop, livestock and fish diseases, insect infection and damage to crops while increase in cost of production and household spending, reduction of farm and none farm income, loss of harvest and increase in crime and insecurity were the other non farm effects and that climate change resilience and climate smart practices can greatly help in mitigating the effects of climate change. It was recommended that farmers should adopt digital and climate smart climate change mitigation technologies, government should provide agricultural input to farmers with a view to providing solutions to the incidence of pests and diseases resulting from climate change and advice farmers on appropriate strategies to cope with climate change such as climate resilient strategies and also provide farmers with ICT devices to promote climate smart practices
Keywords: Climate Change, Climate Smart, Case Studies, Digital, , Mitigation . Technology
