Stable Oxygen and Hydrogen Isotopes for Groundwater Sources along River Nile, Dongola Basin, Northern State, Sudan
The purpose of this paper is to assess the interactions between surface and groundwater in Dongola basin area; Northern State, Sudan, the study area lies along the two banks of the River Nile. Using environmental and stable isotopes the results based on tritium concentration, therefore, groundwater is classified into groups; the first one is > 20 T.U., this water indicated mainly river water recharge more than 20 years ago; the second one is varying from 3 to 20 T.U., represents mixing with river water and the third group < 3 T.U. resulting paleo- water. According to stable isotopes (Oxygen-18 and Hydrogen-2) three groups are recognized; the recent evaporation the second is mixing water and the third is paleo- water, due to depletion in stable isotopes concentrations. The relation between Oxygen-18 and the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in some groundwater samples indicates the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) increases with ∂ 18O this means salinity due to recharge of surface water, while the other do not show any relation between them.
Keywords: Dongola Basin, Groundwater, Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes, River Nile, Sudan.
