Antibiotic usage practices in farmed fish and associated factors in Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria
Aquaculture plays a vital role in Nigeria’s food security and economic diversification. Nonetheless, the unregulated use of antibiotics in aquaculture presents substantial threats to production efficiency, food safety, public health, and ecological stability. This study assessed antibiotic usage practices in farmed fish and identified associated risk factors within Sokoto Metropolis, Nigeria. Data were collected from 25 respondents using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Findings revealed a widespread antibiotic use, with 88% of farmers reporting usage, primarily oxytetracycline and amoxicillin, often without professional prescription or supervision. The use of multiple antibiotics and preventive applications were common, raising concerns about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and drug residues in fish products. Although most farmers (92%) were aware of AMR and withdrawal periods, misuse remained common. Encouragingly, 96% expressed willingness to adopt alternative disease control methods, including improved management, vaccination, and probiotics. Despite relatively high awareness, misuse and overreliance on antibiotics persist due to weak regulatory enforcement and limited veterinary oversight. Strengthening farmer education, veterinary involvement, and policy implementation is essential to promoting responsible antibiotic use and safeguarding sustainable aquaculture in Sokoto Metropolis.
Keywords: Antibiotic use, Antimicrobial resistance, Fish farming, Risk factors.
