Bacterial-Based Technological Innovations for Pesticide Bioremediation: A Mini Review
Pesticide pollution in the environment is a global challenge that requires sustainable solutions, especially due to its toxicity and persistence which can disrupt the balance of ecosystems and endanger human health. Bacteria-based bioremediation offers an effective and environmentally friendly approach to the decomposition of pesticides into less toxic compounds. Various species of bacteria, such as Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, and Sphingomonas, can degrade pesticides through enzymatic mechanisms, including hydrolysis, oxidation-reduction, and dehalogenation. However, the main challenges in the implementation of bioremediation include fluctuating environmental factors, degradation efficiency at high concentrations of pesticides, and limited microbial adaptation in various ecosystem conditions.
Technological advances have improved the efficiency of bioremediation through a variety of innovative approaches. Genetic engineering, particularly CRISPR-Cas9 technology, allows for the optimization of the expression of pesticide degradation genes in bacteria, thereby increasing the effectiveness of biodegradation. In addition, bioreactor systems have helped control environmental conditions to improve microbial stability and performance. Bacterial immobilization techniques using polymer or nanoparticle matrices have also been shown to prolong the degradation activity of microorganisms under extreme conditions. The microbial consortium-based approach has shown higher efficiency compared to single strains in dealing with complex pesticide degradation.
In the future, the integration of biotechnology with artificial intelligence and nanotechnology has the potential to significantly increase the effectiveness of bioremediation. With clearer regulatory support and ongoing research, this technology can be an innovative and sustainable solution in the mitigation of pesticide pollution and the protection of global ecosystems.
Index terms Bioremediation, environmental pollution, genetic engineering, pesticide degrading bacteria.
